SURAH No.1 AL-FATIHA

 

SURAH No.1 AL-FATIHA

Naam

Is ka naam "Al-Fatiha" uske mazmoon ki munasibat se hai. "Fatiha" us cheez ko kehte hain jis se kisi mazmoon ya kitaab ya kisi shai ka iftitaah ho. Doosre alfaz mein yoon samajhiye ke yeh naam "deebacha" aur aghaaz-e-kalaam ke hum ma'ni hai.

Zamana-e-Nuzool
Yeh nabuwat-e-Muhammadi ﷺ ke bilkul ibtidaayi zamana ki surah hai. Balke mo'tabar riwayaat se maloom hota hai ke sabse pehli mukammal surah jo Muhammad ﷺ par naazil hui woh yahi hai. Is se pehle sirf mutafarraq aayaat naazil hui thi jo Surah Alaq, Surah Muzzammil, aur Surah Mudassir waghera mein shaamil hain.

Mazmoon
Dar asal yeh surah ek dua hai jo Khuda ne har us insaan ko sikhayi hai jo is kitaab ka mutaala shuru kar raha ho. Kitaab ki ibtida mein isko rakhne ka matlab yeh hai ke agar tum waqai is kitaab se faida uthana chahte ho toh pehle Khuda-wand-e-Alam se yeh dua karo. Insaan fitratan dua usi cheez ki karta hai jiski talab aur khwahish uske dil mein hoti hai, aur usi surat mein karta hai jab usay yeh ehsaas ho ke iski matloob cheez us hasti ke ikhtiyar mein hai jisse woh dua kar raha hai. Pas Quran ki ibtida mein is dua ki taleem de kar goya insaan ko yeh talqeen ki gayi hai ke woh is kitaab ko raah-e-raast ki justujo ke liye parhe, talib-e-haq ki si zehniyat le kar parhe, aur yeh jaan le ke ilm ka sarchashma Khuda-wand-e-Alam hai, is liye usi se rahnumayi ki darkhwast karke parhne ka aghaz kare. Is mazmoon ko samajh lene ke baad yeh baat khud waazeh ho jaati hai ke Quran aur Surah Fatiha ke darmiyan haqeeqi ta'alluq kitaab aur uske muqaddamay ka sa nahi balki dua aur jawab-e-dua ka sa hai. Surah Fatiha ek dua hai banday ki jaanib se, aur Quran iska jawab hai Khuda ki jaanib se. Banda dua karta hai ke 'Aye Parwardigaar! meri rehnumayi kar'. Jawab mein Parwardigaar poora Quran uske samnay rakh deta hai ke yeh hai woh hidayat aur rehnumayi jiski darkhwast tu ne mujh se ki hai.

 

 

ﭑ ﭒ ﭓ ﭔ ﭕ

1. Allah ke naam se jo Rehman o Raheem hai.1

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 1

Islam jo tahzeeb insaan ko sikhata hai uske qawaid mein se ek qaida yeh bhi hai ke woh apne har kaam ki ibtida Khuda ke naam se kare. Is qaide ki pabandi agar shaoor ke sath ki jaye toh is se laaziman teen faide hasil honge. Ek yeh ke aadmi bohat se bure kaamon se bach jaye ga, kyun ke Khuda ka naam lene ki aadat usay har kaam shuru karte waqt yeh sochne par majboor kar degi ke kya waqai mein is kaam par Khuda ka naam lene mein haq bajanib hoon? Dosra yeh ke jaaiz aur sahi aur nek kaamon ki ibtida karte hue Khuda ka naam lene se aadmi ki zehniyat bilkul theek simt ikhtiyar kar le gi aur woh hamesha sahi tareen nuqta se apni harkat ka aghaz kare ga. Teesra aur sabse bara faida yeh hai ke jab woh Khuda ke naam se apna kaam shuru kare ga toh Khuda ki taeed aur taufiq uske shaamil-e-haal hogi, uski sa'ee mein barakat daali jaye gi aur Shaitaan ki fasaad angiziyon se usko bachaya jaye ga. Khuda ka tareeqa yeh hai ke jab banda uski taraf tawajjo karta hai toh woh bhi banday ki taraf tawajjo farmaata hai.

ﭖ ﭗ ﭘ ﭙ ﭚ

2. Tareef Allah hi ke liye hai 2 jo tamaam qayinaat ka Rubb hai. 3

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 2

Jaisa ke hum deebaacha mein bayaan kar chuke hain, Surah Fatiha asal mein to ek dua hai, lekin dua ki ibtida us hasti ki tareef se ki ja rahi hai jis se hum dua mangna chahte hain. Yeh goya is amr ki taleem hai ke dua jab maango to mohtaram tareeqay se maango. Yeh koi tehzeeb nahi ke munh kholte hi jhat apna matlab pesh kar diya. Tehzeeb ka taqaza yeh hai ke jis se dua kar rahe ho, pehle uski khoobi ka, uske ehsanaat aur uske martabay ka aitraf karo.

Tareef hum jis ki bhi karte hain, do wajooh se kiya karte hain. Ek yeh ke woh bajaye khud husn o khoobi aur kamaal rakhta ho, qata nazar is se ke hum par uske in fazail ka kya asar hai. Doosri yeh ke woh humara mohsin ho aur hum aitraf-e-ne'mat ke jazba se sarshaar ho kar uski khoobiyaan bayan karein. Allah Ta'ala ki tareef in dono haisiyaton se hai. Yeh hamari qadr shanasi ka taqaza bhi hai aur ehsaan shanasi ka bhi ke hum uski tareef mein ratb-ul-lisaan hoon.

Aur baat sirf itni hi nahi hai ke tareef Allah ke liye hai, balke sahi yeh hai ke "tareef Allah hi ke liye" hai. Yeh baat keh kar ek bari haqeeqat par se parda uthaya gaya hai, aur woh haqeeqat aisi hai jis ki pehli hi zarb se makhlooq parasti ki jar kat jati hai. Duniya mein jahan, jis cheez aur jis shakal mein bhi koi husn, koi khoobi, koi kamaal hai, uska sarchashma Allah hi ki zaat hai. Kisi insaan, kisi farishte, kisi sayyaaray, gharz kisi makhlooq ka kamaal bhi zaati nahi hai balke Allah ka atiyah hai. Pas agar koi is ka mustahiq hai ke hum uske garweedah aur parastaar, ehsaan mand aur shukr guzaar, niyaaz mand aur khidmat gaar banein, to woh Khaaliq-e-Kamaal hai na ke saahib-e-kamaal.

Surah Al-Fatiha 3

"Rabb" ka lafz Arabi zubaan mein teen ma'non mein bola jata hai. (1) Maalik aur Aaqa. (2) Murabbi, parwarish karne wala, khabargeeri aur nigahbaani karne wala. (3) Farmanrawa, Haakim, Mudabbir aur Muntazim. Allah Ta'ala in sab ma'non mein kainaat ka Rabb hai.

ﭛ ﭜ ﭝ

3.  Rehman aur Raheem hai. 4

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 4

Insaan ka khaasah hai ke jab koi cheez uski nigah mein bohat zyada hoti hai to woh mubalagha ke seeghon mein usko bayaan karta hai, aur agar ek mubalagha ka lafz bol kar woh mehsoos karta hai ke is shai ki farawani ka haq ada nahi hua, to phir woh usi ma'ni ka ek aur lafz bolta hai taake woh kami poori ho jaye jo uske nazdeek mubalagha mein reh gayi hai. Allah ki tareef mein "Rahman" ka lafz istemal karne ke baad phir "Rahim" ka izafa karne mein bhi yahi nuqta posheeda hai.

Rahman Arabi zubaan mein baray mubalagha ka seegha hai. Lekin Khuda ki rehmat aur mehrbani apni makhlooq par itni zyada hai, is qadar wasee' hai, aisi be-had o hisaab hai ke iske bayaan mein baray se bara mubalagha ka lafz bol kar bhi jee nahi bharta. Is liye iski farawani ka haq ada karne ke liye phir "Rahim" ka lafz mazeed istemal kiya gaya.

Iski misaal aisi hai jaise hum kisi shakhs ki fayazi ke bayaan mein "sakhi" ka lafz bol kar jab tishnagi mehsoos karte hain to us par "daata" ka izafa karte hain. Rang ki tareef mein jab "gora" ko kaafi nahi paate to us par "chitta" ka lafz aur barha dete hain. Daraazi-e-qad ke zikar mein jab "lamba" kehne se tasalli nahi hoti to uske baad "taranga" bhi kehte hain.

ﭞ ﭟ ﭠ ﭡ

4. Roz e jaza ka maalik 5 hai.

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 5

Yani us din ka maalik jab tamam agli pichli nasaloon ko jama karke unke kaarnaama-e-zindagi ka hisaab liya jayega aur har insaan ko uske amal ka poora sila mil jayega. Allah ki tareef mein "Rahman" aur "Rahim" kehne ke baad "Maalik-e-Roz-e-Jazaa" kehne se yeh baat nikalti hai ke woh nira meherbaan hi nahi hai balke munsif bhi hai, aur munsif bhi aisa ba-ikhtiyaar munsif ke aakhri faislay ke roz wohi poore iqtedaar ka maalik hoga, na uski saza mein koi muzahim ho sakayga aur na jaza mein mani'.

Lihaza hum uski ruboobiyat aur rehmat ki buniyaad par us se mohabbat hi nahi karte balke uske insaaf ki buniyaad par us se darte bhi hain aur yeh ehsaas bhi rakhte hain ke hamaray anjaam ki bhalaai aur burai bil-kulliyah ussi ke ikhtiyaar mein hai.

ﭢ ﭣ ﭤ ﭥ ﭦ

5. Hum teri hi ibaadat 6 karte hain aur tujh hi se madad maangte hain. 7

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 6

"‘Ibaadat" ka lafz bhi Arabi zubaan mein teen ma'noon mein istemal hota hai: (1) Pooja aur parastish, (2) Itaat aur farmaanbardaari, (3) Bandagi aur ghulami. Is maqam par teenon ma'ni ba-yak waqt muraad hain. Yani hum tere parastaar bhi hain, mutii'-farmaan bhi, aur banda o ghulaam bhi. Aur baat sirf itni hi nahi hai ke hum tere saath yeh ta'alluq rakhte hain, balke waqai haqeeqat yeh hai ke hamara ta'alluq sirf tere hi saath hai. In teenon ma'noon mein se kisi ma'ni mein bhi koi doosra hamara ma'bood nahi hai.

Surah Al-Fatiha 7

Yani tere saath hamara ta'alluq sirf ibaadat hi ka nahi hai, balke isti'aanat ka ta'alluq bhi hum tere hi saath rakhte hain. Humein maaloom hai ke saari kaaynaat ka Rabb tu hi hai, aur saari taqatain tere hi haath mein hain, aur saari ne'maton ka tu hi akela maalik hai. Is liye hum apni haajatoun ki talab mein teri taraf hi rujoo karte hain, tere hi aage hamara haath phailta hai aur teri madad par hamara aitmaad hai. Isi binaa par hum apni darkhwast le kar teri khidmat mein haazir ho rahe hain.

ﭧ ﭨ ﭩ ﭪ

 

6.  Humein seedha raasta dikha. 8

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 8

Yani zindagi ke har shobay mein khayaal, amal aur bartaav ka woh tareeqa humein bata jo bilkul sahi ho, jismein ghalat beeni, ghalat kaari aur badnaami ka khatra na ho, jismein chal kar hum sacchi falaah o sa'adat haasil kar saken.

Yeh hai woh darkhwast jo Quran shuru karte huye banda apne Khuda ke huzoor pesh karta hai. Iski guzaarish yeh hai ke aap hamaari rehnumaai farmaayein aur humein bataayein ke qiyaasi falsafon ki is bhool bhulaiyaan mein haqeeqat-e-nafs-ul-amri kya hai, ikhlaaq ke in mukhtalif nazariyat mein sahi nizaam-e-ikhlaaq konsa hai, aur zindagi ki in beshumaar pagdandiyon ke darmiyan fikr o amal ki seedhi aur saaf shahrah konsa hai.

ﭫ ﭬ ﭭ ﭮ ﭯ ﭰ ﭱ ﭲ ﭳ ﭴ

7.  Un logon ka raasta jinpar tu ne inam farmaya, 9 jo maatoob (incur your wrath) nahin huey, jo bhatke huey nahin hain. 10

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Fatiha 9

Yeh us seedhay raaste ki tareef hai jiska ilm hum Allah Ta'ala se maang rahe hain. Yani woh raasta jisper hamesha se tere manzoor-e-nazar log chalte rahe hain. Woh be-khata raasta ke qadeem tareen zamana se aaj tak jo shakhs aur jo giroh bhi ispar chala, woh tere inaamaat ka mustahiq hua aur teri ne'maton se maala maal hokar raha.

Surah Al-Fatiha 10

Yani "inaam" pane walon se hamari muraad woh log nahi hain jo bazahir aarzi tor par teri duniyaavi ne'maton se sarfaraz to hote hain magar darhaqeeqat woh tere ghazab ke mustahiq hotay hain aur apni sa'adat ki raah gum kiye hue hote hain.

Is salbi tashreeh se yeh baat khud khul jati hai ke "inaam" se hamari muraad haqeeqi aur paa'idaar inaamaat hain jo raast rawi aur Khuda ki khushnudi ke nateejay mein mila karte hain, na ke woh aarzi aur numaishi inaamaat jo pehle bhi Firaunon, Namrudon aur Qaroonon ko milte rahe hain aur aaj bhi hamari aankhon ke saamne baray baray zalimon, badkaaron, aur gumrahon ko mile hue hain.