SURAH NO. 100 - AL-ADIYAT

Naam
Pehle hi lafz "Al-Adiyat" ko is ka naam qarar diya gaya hai.

Zamana-e-Nuzool
Is ke makki aur madani hone mein ikhtilaf hai. Hazrat Abdullah bin Masood, Jabir, Hassan Basri, Ikrimah aur Ata kehte hain ke yeh makki hai. Hazrat Anas bin Malik aur Qatadah kehte hain ke yeh madani hai aur Hazrat Ibn Abbas se do qoul manqool huay hain: ek yeh ke surah makki hai aur doosra yeh ke madani hai. Lekin surah ka mazmoon aur andaaz-e-bayan saaf bata raha hai ke yeh na sirf makki hai balki Makkah ke bhi ibtidaai dour ki nazil hui hai.

Mauzu aur Mazmoon
Is ka maqsood logon ko yeh samjhana hai ke insaan aakhirat ka munkir ya us se ghaafil ho kar kaisi ikhlaqi pasti mein gir jata hai, aur saath saath logon ko is baat se khabardaar bhi karna hai ke aakhirat mein sirf unke zahiri af'aal hi ki nahi balki unke dilo'n mein chupay huay asrar tak ki jaanch partaal hogi. Is maqsood ke liye Arab mein phaili hui is aam bad-aamni ko daleel ke tor par pesh kiya gaya hai jis se saara mulk tang aaya hua tha. Har taraf kash-o-khoon barpa tha, loot maar ka bazaar garam tha, qabeelon par qabeele chaapay maar rahe thay, aur koi shakhs bhi raat chain se nahi guzaar sakta tha kyunke har waqt yeh khatka laga rehta tha ke kab koi dushman subha savere uski basti par toot paray.

Yeh ek aisi haalat thi jise Arab ke saare hi log jaante thay aur iski qabaahat ko mehsoos karte thay. Agarche lutne wala is par maatam karta tha aur lootne wala is par khush hota tha, lekin jab kisi waqt lootne wale ki shamat aati thi to woh bhi yeh mehsoos kar leta tha ke yeh kaisi buri haalat hai jismein hum log mubtala hain. Is surat-e-haal ki taraf ishara kar ke yeh bataya gaya hai ke maut ke baad doosri zindagi aur us mein Khuda ke huzoor jawab dehi se nawaqif ho kar insaan apne Rab ka na-shukra ho gaya hai. Woh Khuda ki di hui quwwaton ko zulm-o-sitam aur ghaarad-giri ke liye istemaal kar raha hai, woh maal-o-daulat ki mohabbat mein andha ho kar har tareeke se ise haasil karne ki koshish karta hai, khwah woh kaisa hi napaak aur ghinaona tareeqa ho. Aur uski haalat khud is baat ki gawahi de rahi hai ke woh apne Rab ki ata ki hui quwwaton ka ghalat istemaal kar ke na-shukri kar raha hai.

Iski yeh rawish hargiz na hoti agar woh us waqt ko jaanta hota jab qabron se zinda ho kar uthna hoga, aur jab woh iraaday aur woh aghraaz-o-maqasid tak dilo'n se nikaal kar samne rakh diye jayeinge jin ki tehreek se usne duniya mein tarah tarah ke kaam kiye thay. Us waqt insano'n ke Rab ko khoob maaloom hoga ke kaun kya kar ke aaya hai aur kis ke saath kya bartaav kiya jana chahiye.

 

 

 

 

﷽

ﮕ ﮖ ﮗ

1:Qasam hai un (ghodon) ki jo phunkare (snorting) maarte huey dhaudte hain. 1

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 1


Ayat ke alfaaz mein yeh tasreeh nahi hai ke dorhne walon se murad ghoday hain, balke sirf "wal-Adiyat" (qasm hai dorhne walon ki) farmaya gaya hai. Isi liye mufassireen ke darmiyan is baab mein ikhtilaf hua hai ke dorhne walon se murad kya hai. Sahaba aur tabieen ka ek giroh is taraf gaya hai ke is se murad ghoday hain, aur ek doosra giroh yeh kehta hai ke is se murad oont hain.

Lekin chunke dorhte hue woh khaas qisam ki awaaz jise "dabh" kehte hain, ghodon hi ki shiddat-e-nafas se nikalti hai, aur baad ki ayatain bhi jin mein chingariyaan jhaarne aur subha savere kisi basti par chhaapa maarne aur wahan gard udaane ka zikar aaya hai, ghodon hi par raast aati hain, is liye aksar muhaqqiqeen ne is se murad ghoday hi liye hain. Ibn Jarir kehte hain, "Dono aqwaal mein se yeh qoul hi qabil-e-tarjeeh hai ke dorhne walon se murad ghoday hain, kyunke oont 'dabh' nahi karta, ghoda hi 'dabh' kiya karta hai, aur Allah Ta'ala ne farmaya hai ke un dorhne walon ki qasm jo dorhte hue 'dabh' karte hain."

Imam Razi kehte hain, "In ayat ke alfaaz pukaar pukaar kar keh rahe hain ke murad ghoday hain, kyunke 'dabh' ki awaaz ghoday ke siwa kisi aur se nahi nikalti, aur aag jhaarne ka fail bhi pathron par samoon ki taap padne ke siwa kisi aur tareeke ke dorhne se nahi hota, aur isi tarah subha savere chhaapa maarna bhi doosre janwaron ki banisbat ghodon hi ke zariye se asaan hota hai.

ﮘ ﮙ ﮚ

2:Phir (apne tapon se) chingariyan jhaadte hain. 2

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 2


Chingariyaan jhaarne ke alfaaz is baat par dalalat karte hain ke yeh ghoday raat ke waqt dorhte hain, kyunke raat hi ko unki taapoon se jharne wale sharaaray nazar aate hain.

ﮛ ﮜ ﮝ

4:Phir is mauke par gard o gubaar udatey hain. 3

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 3


Ahl-e-Arab ka qaidah tha ke jab kisi basti par unhein chhaapa maarna hota to raat ke andhere mein chal kar jaate taake dushman khabardaar na ho sake, aur subha savere achanak is par toot parte the taake subha ki roshni mein har cheez nazar aa sake, aur din itna zyada roshan bhi na ho ke dushman door se unhein aata dekh le aur muqabla ke liye tayar ho jaye.

ﮢ ﮣ ﮤ ﮥ

5: Phir isi haalat mein kisi majmey ke andar jaa ghustey hai.

ﮦ ﮧ ﮨ ﮩ ﮪ

6: Haqeeqat yeh hai ke Insan apne Rubb ka bada nashukra hai. 4

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 4


Yeh hai woh baat jis par un ghodon ki qasm khayi gayi hai jo raat ko phinkaray maarte aur chingariyaan jhaarte hue dorhte hain, phir subha savere ghabaar udaate hue kisi basti par ja parhte hain aur mudafaat karne walon ki jama'at mein ghus jaate hain. Ta'ajjub is par hota hai ke aksar mufassireen ne in ghodon se murad ghaziyon ke ghode liye hain aur jis majma mein in ke ja ghusne ka zikar kiya gaya hai us se murad un ke nazdeek kuffar ka majma hai. Halankeh yeh qasm is baat par khayi gayi hai ke "insaan apne Rab ka bada na-shukra hai." Ab yeh zaahir hai ke jihad fi sabilillah mein ghaziyon ke ghodon ki dor dhop aur kuffar ke kisi majma par unka toot parna is amr par koi dalalat nahi karta ke insaan apne Rab ka na-shukra hai, aur na baad ke yeh fqray ke insaan apni is na-shukri par khud gawahi hai aur woh maal-o-daulat ki mohabbat mein buri tarah mubtala hai, in logon par chaspaan hote hain jo Khuda ki raah mein jihad karne ke liye nikalte hain. Is liye la-mahal yeh maan na parega ke is surah ki ibtidaai paanch ayaton mein jo qasmein khayi gayi hain unka ishaara darasal is aam kash-o-khoon aur ghaarad-giri ki taraf hai jo Arab mein is waqt barpa thi. Jahiliyya ke zamanay mein raat ek bohat khaufnaak cheez hoti thi jismein har qabeelay aur basti ke log yeh khatka mehsoos karte the ke na maloom kaunsa dushman un par chadhaai karne ke liye aa raha ho, aur din ki roshni namoodaar hone par woh itminan ka saans lete the ke raat khairiyat se guzar gayi. Wahan qabeelon ke darmiyan mahaz intizami laraaiyan hi nahi hoti thin, balki mukhtalif qabeelay ek doosre par is ghrz ke liye bhi chhaapay maarte rehte the ke un ki daulat loot lein, un ke maal movashi haank le jayein, aur un ki auraton aur bachon ko ghulam bana lein. Is zulm-o-sitam aur ghaarad-giri ko jo zyada tar ghodon par sawar ho kar hi kiya jata tha, Allah Ta'ala is amr ki daleel ke tor par pesh kar raha hai ke insaan apne Rab ka bada na-shukra hai. Ya'ni jis taqat ko woh jang-o-jidal aur ghaarad-giri mein istemal kar raha hai, woh Allah Ta'ala ne use is liye to nahi di thi ke is se yeh kaam liya jaye. Pas dar-haqiqat yeh bohat badi na-shukri hai ke Allah ke diye hue in wasail aur us ki bakhshi hui in taqaton ko is fasaad fi al-ard mein istemal kiya jaye jo Allah ko sab se zyada na-pasand hai.

ﮫ ﮬ ﮭ ﮮ ﮯ

7: Aur woh khud ispar gawah hai. 5

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat  5


Ya'ni is ka zameer is par gawahi hai, is ke a'maal is par gawahi hain, aur bohat se kaafir insaan khud apni zuban se alaaniya na-shukri ka izhaar karte hain, kyunke un ke nazdeek Khuda hi saray se maujood nahi, kaja ke woh apne upar is ki kisi ni'mat ka aitiraaf karein aur is ka shukar apne zimay laazim samjhein.

ﮰ ﮱ ﯓ ﯔ ﯕ

8: Aur woh maal-o-daulat ki muhabbat mein buri tarah mubtala hai. 6

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 6


Asal alfaaz hain "wa innahu li-hubbi al-khayri la-shadeed". Is fiqray ka lafzi tarjuma yeh hoga ke "woh khair ki mohabbat mein bohat sakht hai." Lekin Arabic zuban mein khair ka lafz neki aur bhalaai ke liye makhsoos nahi hai balki maal-o-daulat ke liye bhi istemal hota hai. Chunaanchah Surah Baqarah Ayat 180 mein khair bema'ni maal-o-daulat hi istemal hua hai. Yeh baat kalam ke mawqif aur mahal se maloom hoti hai ke kahan khair ka lafz neki ke ma'ani mein hai aur kahan maal-o-daulat ke ma'ani mein. Is ayat ke siaq-o-sabaq se khud hi yeh zaahir ho raha hai ke is mein khair maal-o-daulat ke ma'ani mein hai na ke bhalaai aur neiki ke ma'ani mein, kyunke jo insaan apne Rab ka na-shukra hai aur apne tarz-e-amal se khud apni na-shukri par gawahi de raha hai, us ke bare mein yeh nahi kaha ja sakta ke woh neiki aur bhalaai ki mohabbat mein bohat sakht hai.

ﯖ ﯗ ﯘ ﯙ ﯚ ﯛ ﯜ ﯝ ﯞ

9: To kya woh us waqt ko nahin jaanta jab qabron mein jo kuch (madfun) hai usey nikal liya jayega. 7

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 7


Ya'ni maray hue insaan jahan jiss haalat mein bhi paday honge wahan se unhein nikaal kar zinda insaanon ki shakal mein uthaaya jaayega.

ﭑ ﭒ ﭓ ﭔ ﭕ

10:Aur seeno mein jo kuch (makhfi) hai usey baramad karke uski jaanch padtaal ki jayegi? 8

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 8


Ya'ni dilon mein jo iraade aur niyatein, jo aghraz o maqasid, jo khayalat o afkaar, aur zahiri af'aal ke peeche jo baatni muharraat (Motives) chhupay hue hain woh sab khol kar rakh diye jayenge aur un ki jaanch partal kar ke achhai ko alag aur burai ko alag chhaant diya jayega. Balafaz-e-doosra faisla sirf zahir hi ko dekh kar nahi kiya jayega ke insaan ne amla kis gharz se kiya. Is baat par agar insaan ghour kare to woh yeh tasleem kiye baghair nahi reh sakta ke asal aur mukammal insaf Khuda ki adalat ke siwa aur kahin nahi ho sakta. Dunya ke la deen qawaneen bhi usoolii haisiyat se yeh zaroori samajhte hain ke kisi shakhs ke mehuz zahiri fa'al ki buniyad par use saza na di jaye balki yeh bhi dekha jaye ke us ne kis niyat se woh fa'al kiya hai. Lekin duniya ki kisi adalat ke paas bhi woh zaraye' nahi hain jin se woh niyat ki theek theek tahqiqat kar sake. Yeh sirf aur sirf Khuda hi kar sakta hai ke insaan ke har zahiri fa'al ke peeche jo baatni muharraat kaarfarma rahe hain un ki bhi jaanch partal kare aur us ke baad yeh faisla kare ke woh kis jaza ya saza ka mustahiq hai. Phir ayat ke alfaaz yeh zaahir karte hain ke yeh faisla mahz Allah ke is ilm ki buniyad par nahi hoga jo woh dilon ke iraadon aur niyaton ke bare mein pehle se rakhta hai, balki qiyamat ke roz un raazon ko khol kar alaaniya saamne rakh diya jayega aur khuli adalat mein jaanch partal kar ke yeh dikhaya jayega ke un mein khair kya thi aur shar kya tha. Isi liye "wa hus'sila ma fi al-sudoor" ke alfaaz istemal kiye gaye hain. Tahseel ke ma'ani kisi cheez ko nikaal baahar laane ke bhi hain, maslan chilka utaar kar maghz nikaalna, aur mukhtalif qisam ki cheezon ko chhaank kar ek doosre se alag karne ke liye bhi yeh lafz bola jata hai. Lihaza dilon mein chhupe hue asrar ki tahseel mein yeh dono baatein shamil hain. Un ko khol kar zahir kar dena bhi aur un ko chhaank kar burai aur bhalaai ko alag kar dena bhi. Yeh hi mazmoon Surah Taarq mein is tarah bayan kiya gaya hai ke "Yawm tubla as-saraa'ir" (Jis roz poshida asrar ki jaanch par tal hogi) (Ayat 9).

ﭖ ﭗ ﭘ ﭙ ﭚ ﭛ

11: Yaqeenan unka Rubb us roz unse khoob bakhabar hoga. 9

Tafseer:
Surah Al-Adiyat 9


Ya'ni is ko khoob maloom hoga ke kaun kya hai aur kis saza ya jaza ka mustahiq hai.